- Oct 05, 2025
Consumer Court in India: How to file a complaint and seek resolution.
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A Consumer Court deals with cases regarding consumer complaints and grievances. The judiciary hearings are set up by the Government of India to protect consumer rights, wherein unsatisfied consumers can file a case in a consumer court against the seller on the grounds of harassment or deliverance of flawed goods or services.
What is a Consumer Court in India?
A Consumer Court is a court established under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 to redress and adjudicate disputes in India. These Courts are established at three levels i.e. District, State, and National levels. According to the law, a dispute is filed in these forums depending on the monetary limit i.e. each Court has a valuation fixed by law.
Determining Jurisdiction
Before filing a consumer complaint, it’s crucial to determine the appropriate jurisdiction. This depends on the value of goods or services involved in the complaint. According to the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 following are the monetary jurisdiction of Commissions:
- District Forum: For claims up to Rs. 1 crore.
- State Commission: For claims between Rs. 1 crore and Rs. 10 crore.
- National Commission: For claims exceeding Rs. 10 crore.
The process to file a consumer complaint in the District Forum
- The complaint can be filed by the consumer or his agent on plain paper with the details of the grievance with the product or service provider.
- You must include receipts, bills, contracts or any relevant correspondence pertaining to the transaction or service as evidence with the complaint.
- Your complaint must include your personal information, details of the opposite party, a clear description of the problem, and the resolution you seek.
- Your written complaint must be officially notarized, ensuring its authenticity.
- Three copies of the complaint are submitted: one for the official records and one for each party involved in the dispute.
- The fee shall be paid in demand draft to the President, Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum, (name of) district.
The process to file a consumer complaint in the State Commission
- Ensure that the value of goods or services involved exceeds Rs 1 Crore but is less than Rs 10 Crore.
- One can also file an appeal in the State Commission against the order of the District Forum within a period of 45 days from the date of the order.
- The application shall accompany the requisite fee in the form of a demand draft payable to the Registrar, (name of) State Commission in the respective state.
- Gather essential documents for your complaint or appeal, including:
- Correct names and addresses of all parties involved.
- Certified copy of the District Forum’s order you’re appealing against.
- At least four additional copies of the appeal for each respondent.
- Any orders of conditional delay, interim orders, or other petitions, along with accompanying affidavits.
The process to file a consumer complaint in National Commission
- If you are aggrieved by the order of the State Commission, you can file an appeal with the NCDRC within 30 days from the date of the State Commission’s order.
- Draft your complaint or appeal, including all relevant details such as the nature of the grievance, parties involved, and desired resolution. Ensure that your complaint or appeal is comprehensive and clearly outlines your case.
- A demand draft of the prescribed fee is payable to the Registrar of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.
- An appeal challenging the order issued by the National Commission must be lodged in the Supreme Court within a one-month period from the date of the Commission’s ruling.
In order to successfully express their rights and seek redress for grievances, consumers must be able to file complaints in consumer courts. Whether you’ve experienced problems with subpar services, shoddy goods, or misleading advertising, being aware of the procedure enables you to fight for your rights and influence improvements for the consumer market.
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